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Adab or Udab (Sumerian: ''Adab''ki,〔(The Sumerian King List ). Accessed 15 Dec 2010.〕 spelled UD.NUNKI〔''(The Cambridge Ancient History )''. Vol. 1. Part 1. ''Prolegomena & Prehistory''.〕) was an ancient Sumerian city between Telloh and Nippur. It was located at the site of modern Bismaya or Bismya in the Wasit Province of Iraq. ==History of archaeological research== Initial examinations of the site of Bismaya were by William Hayes Ward of the Wolfe Expedition in 1885 and by John Punnett Peters of the University of Pennsylvania in 1890, each spending a day there and find one cuneiform table and a few fragments.〔() John P. Peters, Nippur; Or, Explorations and Adventures on the Euphrates: The Narrative of the University of Pennsylvania Expedition to Babylonia in the Years 1888-1890, University of Pennsylvania Babylonian Expedition, Putnam, 1897〕 Walter Andrae visited Bismaya in 1902, found a table fragment and produced a sketch map of the site.〔Walter Andrae, Die Umgebung von Fara und Abu Hatab, Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient Gesellschaft, no. 16 , pp. 24-30, 1903〕 Excavations conducted there for six months, from Christmas of 1903 to June 1904, for the University of Chicago, by Dr. Edgar James Banks, proved that these mounds covered the site of the ancient city of Adab (Ud-Nun), hitherto known only from the Sumerian king list and a brief mention of its name in the introduction to the Hammurabi Code. The city was divided into two parts by a canal, on an island in which stood the temple, E-mach, with a ziggurat, or stepped tower. It was evidently once a city of considerable importance, but deserted at a very early period, since the ruins found close to the surface of the mounds belong to Shulgi and Ur-Nammu, kings of the Third Dynasty of Ur in the latter part of the third millennium B.C, based on inscribed bricks excavated at Bismaya. Immediately below these, as at Nippur, were found artifacts dating to the reign of Naram-Suen and Sargon of Akkad, ca. 2300 BC. Below these there were still of stratified remains, constituting seven-eighths of the total depth of the ruins. Besides the remains of buildings, walls and graves, Dr. Banks discovered a large number of inscribed clay tablets of a very early period, bronze and stone tablets, bronze implements and the like. Of the tablets, 543 went to the Oriental Institute and roughly 1100, mostly purchased from the locals rather than excavated, went to the Istanbul Museum. The latter are still apparently unpublished.〔Yang Zhi, Sargonic Inscriptions From Adab, Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations periodic publications on ancient civilizations, Vol. 1, 1989〕 But the two most notable discoveries were a complete statue in white marble, apparently the earliest yet found in Mesopotamia, now in the Istanbul Archaeology Museums, bearing the inscription, translated by Banks as "E-mach, King Da-udu, King of, Ud-Nun"; 〔(Edgar James Banks, ''Bismaya: or the lost City of Adab,'' 1912 )〕 and a temple refuse heap, consisting of great quantities of fragments of vases in marble, alabaster, onyx, porphyry and granite, some of which were inscribed, and others engraved and inlaid with ivory and precious stones.〔 Of the Adab tablets that ended up at the University of Chicago, sponsor of the excavations, all have been published and also made available in digital form online.〔(OIP 14. Cuneiform Series, Vol. II: Inscriptions from Adab, Daniel David Luckenbill, 1930 )〕 Of the purchased tablets sold piecemeal to various owners, a few have also made their way into publication.〔(A Previously Unpublished Lawsuit from Ur III Adab )〕 Though the Banks expedition to Bismaya was well documented by the standards of the time and many objects photographed no final report was ever produced due to personal disputes. Recently, the Oriental Institute has re-examined the records and objects returned to the institute by Banks and produced a report.〔() Karen Wilson et al., Bismaya: Recovering the Lost City of Adab, Oriental Institute Publications 138, The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 2012〕 There is a Sumerian comic tale of the ''Three Ox-drivers from Adab''.〔Bendt Alster, The Sumerian Folktale of the Three Ox-Drivers from Adab, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 43/45, pp. 27-38, 1991-1993〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Adab (city)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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